English Level: Upper-Intermediate, Advanced
Language Focus: A review of when to use the definite article with the names of places
Worksheet Download: definite-article-geography-worksheet.docx (scroll down to study the exercises online)
Jump to: Exercises
A proper noun is the unique name of a person, place, or thing that starts with a capital letter, for example, 'John', 'Sweden', 'Google'. Before proper nouns, we generally do not use an article. For example,
- Matthew is a man.
- He lives in Canada.
- He worked for IBM.
However, sometimes you can find the definite article 'the' before proper nouns.
- Carver lives in the United States.
- He lives near the Pacific Ocean.
Why? Well, it's hard to give a reason. However, there are some rules we can follow. Please read below and do the exercises to practice.
Boats on the Pacific Ocean
Rule #1: Use the Definite Article 'The' with Countries that are States, Unions, Republics, etc.
We use 'the' before countries that contain a word like 'Union', 'Emirates', 'Kingdom.' These words mean that the country is a group of smaller states.
- the United States
- the Republic of Ireland
- the Czech Republic
- the United Arab Emirates
We also use 'the' before countries that end in a plural 's'.
- the Philippines (= the full name is The Republic of the Philippines)
- the Bahamas (= the full name is The Republic of the Bahamas)
- the Netherlands
Rule #2: Use the Definite Article 'The' with Names of Rivers, Seas, Oceans, etc.
We say the following:
- the Nile / the Nile River
- the Caspian Sea
- the Pacific / the Pacific Ocean
- the Mediterranean / the Mediterranean Sea
- the Panama Canal
Rule #3: Use the Definite Article 'The' with Deserts
- the Sahara / the Sahara Desert
Rule #4: Do Not Use 'the' with Lakes or Mounts
- I live by Lake Ontario.
- I swam in Lake Superior.
- He can see Mount Fuji.
- She can see Mount Rushmore.
Rule #5 - Use the Definite Article 'The' with Mountain Ranges
Just like how we add 'the' to countries that end with a plural 's' (the Philippines), we add 'the' before mountain ranges (which also end in a plural noun).
- the Rockies / the Rocky Mountains
- the Himalayas / the Himalayan Mountains
Rule #6 - Use the Definite Article 'The' with Building Names
We usually use 'the' before the names of buildings.
- the Emperor's Palace
- the Tower of Pisa
- the Louvre
- the Pentagon
- The Marriott / The Marriott Hotel
This is not true, however, in some cases:
- The names of stations: Grand Central Station, Main Station
- The names of airports: Pearson Airport, Gatwick Airport
- The names of universities (without 'of'): Columbia University, Santa Monica College
General Rule: Use the Definite Article 'The' with Names that Have the Preposition 'Of'
- the Island of Lesbos
- the University of Toronto
- the Republic of Congo
- the Gulf of Mexico
To summarize, use 'the' before the following:
- proper nouns that contain a word that means they are a group (unions, republics, etc.)
- deserts (the Mojave)
- rivers, seas, oceans, etc. (but not lakes!)
- mountain ranges (the Rockies)
- building names (the Pentagon)
- proper nouns that include 'of' (the University of Michigan)
Do not use 'the' for everything else, which includes
- lake names (Lake Superior)
- mounts (Mount Everest)
- street names (Main Street)
- airports (JFK Airport)
- stations (Broadway Station)
After reviewing the above rules, try the practice exercises below.
Exercises: Using Articles with Names of Places
Instructions: Add the definite article `the' if necessary.
- Prague is the capital of Czech Republic.
- When I was in England, I visited Tower of London.
- Rhine is a river that goes through Netherlands.
- On my trip in Asia, I had a chance to visit Mount Aso and Yangtze River in China.
- I left Hong Kong via Hong Kong International Airport.
- Mohave Desert is located in United States.
- Appalachian Mountains are in North America.
- When I was in New York, I visited Empire State Building and Seneca Lake.
- Sea of Japan is located between Japan and South Korea. It is part of Pacific Ocean.
- MET Museum is located on Fifth Avenue.
- I met a man from New Zealand when I was skiing in Swiss Alps.
- On my trip around the world, I visited Jamaica, Bahamas, Australia, and Republic of Congo.
- John lives on Fraser Street in Sydney.
- Poland is part of European Union.
- The tourist arrived at Manaus Airport and then took a tour of Amazon River.
I hope these general rules about article use will be helpful. If you find a mistake or have any questions, please leave a comment below.
Best of luck in your English studies.
- Created by Matthew Barton (copyright) of Englishcurrent.com
Related Lessons:
- Article Practice Exercises (All Levels)
- Help Understanding Articles (Beginner)
- The Indefinite Article & Word Sounds (Advanced)
Hello, is Honk Kong IA written with the definite article?
Hong :D
Hello Lenka. No, it doesn’t need an article.
What article is used before the word mountain?
A mountain or the mountain
The noun ‘mountain’ is just a regular noun, like pencil or tree. Therefore, you would follow the regular rules of article use to determine if you’d use ‘a’ or ‘the’. To review these rules, see here: https://www.englishcurrent.com/grammar/english-articles-definite-indefinite-help/
If particular then, the mountain otherwise a mountain
When it is a part mountain then we go for a mountain ..example-the everest Mt.
But when it is a group of mountain then we go with the..example-the Himalayas.
in exercise I noticed that before “Hong Kong Int. Airport” definite article “The” was used but before “Manaus Airport” not. Why?
When ordinals take definite article than in the above exercise why th definite article not used with fifth avenue
Hello. If you were referring to the avenue in an ordinal sense (i.e. as part of an order of numbered items), then it would be the fifth avenue. However, we can see that ‘Fifth’ is capitalized, which means it’s a proper noun, i.e. the name of the street. For street names, no article is needed.
Hello! What about “the” in front of the names of creeks , streams, etc.? You usually hear Mill Creek not the Mill Creek or Meadow Branch instead of the Meadow Branch. Are there any rules you can point to explain the definite article for such uses?
Hi Bryan. I don’t know a rule. I would say generally no article is used, as you have mentioned. It is funny that is different from rivers that require an article though.
Can we use the boefore the state of california
Yes
Can we use “a” with the proper names like here: “He is a Lomonosov of the field”.?
Yes.
Which one is correct :
1. I want to go to the Sydney Opera house.
Or
2. I want to go to Sydney Opera house.
Thank you!
1. And it you should capitalize the H in House because that’s part of its name.
Hello !
Why do we say “Central Park” without “the”? Is there a rule ??
Hello. I’m not aware of any formal rule but it does seem like we do not use ‘the’ before park names. Here in Vancouver we have Stanley Park, for example. (no article).
Hello. Can you tell me which one of these is correct:
The Krugen Park is located near the Mozambique border. or The Krugen Park is located near Mozambique border.
Sorry I meant The Kruger Park
Krugen Park is located near the Mozambique border. (no ‘The’ with Krugen Park, but ‘the’ with border).
Hi. Why Caspian sea has “the”. My teacher said it does need any article
Bodies of water, such as the Caspian Sea, typically have ‘the’ in front of them.
I was interested to stumble across your article, because I was just wondering why a few cities also take the definite article as part of their names. My missing was triggered by A Coru±a in Galicia, but I also know of Den Haag in the Netherlands. I cannot think quickly of any other examples, but you don’t seem to have a rule encompassing these cases. Can you shed any light upon what is going on here, since you have clearly thought about this much more than I have?
I meant to write `musing’ not `missing’, in case that was not clear!
Hello. I haven’t thought about it *that* much more than you have; most of the rules above are taken from grammar books that I felt accurately represented how we use the definite article. As for articles in non-English, your guess is as good as mine. My guess, for example for The Hague, is that ‘hague’ means something such like ‘the Capital’ (the web suggests so), so everyone in the region always referred to the city as ‘the capital’, and knew exactly which capital they were referring to, and the name was borne from that.
This post is so very useful, thank you!
I actually read an article about THE Hague and THE Netherlands. They say that the Netherlands means “low lying lands”. So it falls into the rule on ‘a whole consisting of several parts’, like THE United States.
THE Hague, they say, means “the hedge”. It has a “the” before its name as this originates from the Dutch appellation (title) ‘s-Gravenhage, which translates to “The Count’s Hedge”. https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/6-things-to-know-about-the-hague-dubbed-the-international-city-of-peace-and-justice
So, once we recognize the history behind some names, the THE starts to make sense.
The same with Ukraine. 20 years ago it was THE Ukraine. In older times it used to mean “the outskirts, the borderland”. With the declaration of independence in 1991, the Ukrainians decided they do not need the article for the name of their country.
Ha! A Galician friend of mine has just pointed out Los Angeles, La Paz and El Alamo…
So it seems it is much more common in Spanish than in English to use the The in place names.
Makes me think of Las Ramblas, too. But then my mind leaps to the Shambles in York. Except that it is usually just that, the `the’ is not usually capitalized as part of the name, is it? Or The Lanes in Brighton, or The Mall in London. But then, those are all really just street names, not cities or towns. So that is really a different use-case, isn’t it?
I’m not familiar with most of these places, so I can’t hazard a guess. Generally my assumption is the same as for The Hague — whatever word comes after ‘the’ was the only one of that thing (e.g. lanes, mall) in the past, hence the use of the definite article.
Everyone in the family bullied her and made her do all the chores, she was indeed a Cinderella.
This is a practice question, so I wanna ask why it uses “a” not “the” before Cinderella.
is there any other example or rule?
Hello. Firstly, that sentence is a comma splice (run-on sentence). Regarding the article, either could be used. If you say “she was indeed a Cinderella”, you are saying that there are many/several Cinderellas in the world, and she is one of them. If you say that ‘she was the Cinderella’, you are saying that every family has a cinderella (just like every family has a mother), and in this family, she is _the_ cinderella (just like the mother is _the_ mother) of the family. I hope that helps.
The indefinite article “A/An”, among other things, means “a class of objects”. E.g. “I have an apple in my hand.” Just some apple, not a pear, not a tangerine, but an apple – no matter the color, the size or the variety. Or, “There is a stove and a fridge in the kitchen.” Again, it is a ‘class of objects’, some fridge, some stove, details are unimportant. In the “Cinderella” example, Cinderella here becomes a common noun, meaning a hard-working and undervalued someone vs. that particular girl Cinderella in the fairytale. So, the indefinite article “A” tells you that it is that class of objects (hard-working and underappreciated), and it is a metaphorical use of a proper name Cinderella to such an extent that it does not have to be a young girl. The metaphorical transfer of the meaning of “Cinderella” allows to describe anyone in her situation. Hence, “A”.
hello, is it correct to say: Manchester Football shirts or The Manchester Football shirts?
If you are speaking in general about Manchester football shirts, then don’t use ‘the’. If you are speaking specifically about some definite (specific) shirts that your listener knows, then use ‘the’ (this is why we call ‘the’ the definite article).
“Sea of Japan”?? Why politicize grammar? You mean the “East Sea”!
hello do we need to add the if we want to say, I went to the supermarket.
I played with my ball at the park.
or those two sentences can stand alone without “the”?
You need ‘the’ in both.
Mountain names with using articles
See rule #5.
Hi!, Why does a center need an article? e.g. the Federal Judicial Center, the Google News Publisher Center
Hello. It needs an article because the word ‘center’ here refers to an organization or building. These are distinct things that can be counted. (You can easily imagine two separate judicial centers, which shows you can count them). If it is a countable noun (and singular), you’ll need an article.
Matthew Barton you are the best!!! Thanks for such clear explanation !
Hi, just to confirm a potential rule: do we use `the’ with names of forests too? I can only think of the Amazon but I can imagine it applies to others too? I came across a sentence that bothered me “It is called Amazon” and while there’s no huge error, I’m sure there’s a reason it bothered me. Thank you
Most countries are known by two names: a protocol, formal, full, or official name; and a geographical, common, or short name.
The long form (official title) is used when the state is targeted as a legal entity:
This Decision is addressed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The French Republic is authorised to …
If the recurrence of the name of a state in the text leads to a preference for using the short form, it can be introduced with the phrase `hereinafter referred to as …(short name)’.
The short form (short name) is used when the state is referred to geographically or economically:
Workers residing in France
Exports from Greece …
Some names include an article, such as the Bronx (in New York), The Hague (in the Netherlands), The Valley, The Farrington, and The Quarter (in Anguilla), The Plains (in Virginia), The Dalles (in Oregon), The Pas (in Manitoba), The Hyde, the West End, and the East End (in London), the Vatican.
Why people write the Auckland Region (with the) and Guangdong Province (without the)? Both region and province are words used to describe a geographical area. Why is there a difference between them?
Good question. I agree with you that ‘the’ should proceed both ~ region and ~ province. Most of the time when we talk about provinces, however, it’s more natural to say either the province name ‘Guangdong’ or ‘the province of Guandong’. It’s not common to say ~ province anyway, e.g. I’ve never heard someone say ‘Ontario province’.
Hi mb,
Thank you for your response. When people describe a city-size geographical area, e.g. Auckland, I notice the following difference: Auckland (proper noun, without the), the City of Auckland (formal name, with the), Auckland City (shorter formal name, without the). However, when describing a larger geographical area, it becomes the Region of Auckland (long formal name, with the) and the Auckland Region (short formal name, also with the). I wonder why is there a such difference? If we apply the same grammar rules, shouldn’t we say the Auckland City instead?
Furthermore, it seems to me that a lot of non-English speaking countries don’t seem to follow the “the Auckland Region” rule. Instead, they just use XXXX Region, XXXX Province, XXXX State, XXXX Department instead. Some typical examples can be find in the Wikipedia articles of Badakhshan Province (Afghanistan), Atyrau Region (Kazakhstan), and Khatlon Region (Tajikistan) etc. Another example is that the Chinese media tend to use XXXX Province (e.g. Fujian Province instead of the Fujian Province) to describe one of their provinces. Are they all wrong? How come all of them are wrong? We are not living in the 16th century, nowadays English is pretty much the international language. As professional writers, wouldn’t they pick up these small grammar mistakes long time ago? Why would they continue to write XXXX Province instead of the XXXX Province or the Province of XXXX?
Hello again. I understand your questions, but ultimately I think article usage for foreign countries is really based on convention (i.e. popular use in that region), not strict rules. This page aims to provide some general rules for article use with geographic names because it is so confusing (these rules were found in Raymond Murphy’s Grammar In Use book). I agree that a sentence like “He comes from Badakshan Province” sounds incorrect. However, when dealing with proper nouns (names of company’s/cities/regions), I feel like they have the right to dictate how it is written.
Also, Auckland City seems to describe a region near the central business district of Auckland, so, as a proper noun itself, it doesn’t need an article. I hope this helps.
Hi MB, thank you for your reply. I think I understand your point about article usage for foreign countries. It seems to me that they treat Badakshan Province as a proper noun, so no “the” is needed, but I’m still confused about the usage adopted by native English-speaking countries. Did you mean that Auckland City (as a proper noun) actually means the Auckland CBD, not the City of Auckland? What about the Auckland Region? Wouldn’t it be a proper noun for the Region of Auckland too? If so, why isn’t the definite article “the” omitted in this case? Thanks.
Hello. Looking at this, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Auckland,_New_Zealand, it seems to define Auckland City as the urban city area, and Auckland (or Greater Auckland) in general as an area that includes neighboring areas. This might be similar to the concept of the City of Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area. I do not live in New Zealand so I am not an expert on regional naming conventions. I would be surprised to hear a native New Zealander say “You should visit Auckland Region”. I imagine he’d say, “You should visit Auckland / the Auckland region / the region of Auckland.”.
Hello.. is it correct to say “the” with proper name: the Adele’s concert or the Adele’s concert ticket ? etc.
You can use ‘the’ with a proper noun if that noun becomes an adjective, e.g. the Adele concert or ‘the Adele concert ticket’. Do not put an apostrophe + s (‘s) on a noun when it becomes an adjective.
Which article is used before Directions-East west, north,south
And which article is used before Corners-Northeast, Northwest,Southeast, Southwest
Hello. Those words are adverbs, so no article is needed, e.g. “Go northeast. / We will drive southwest.” If you are using these directions to refer to a place, e.g. “the north” (meaning the northern part of a country), then you would use the definite article “the”, e.g. “She lives in the north.”.
What about geographic names that end in Centre/Center? Within the boundaries of Toronto, there’s a neighbourhood called “North York City Centre” and urban areas inside cities on the outskirts of Toronto known as “Vaughan Metropolitan Centre” (within the City of Vaughan) and “Markham Centre” (within the City of Markham). Do you think they should be preceded with “the”?
It’s not really something I can offer a prescriptive answer for. We need to observe whether an article is used in general with ‘centres’ and then try to discern a rule. Personally, I don’t have enough exposure to proper nouns ending with ‘Centre’ to provide a useful answer. However, based on the list above, it seems to be that they are not followed by an article, which is generally the case for any proper noun. Therefore, it seems to conform with the regular rules of English (thankfully) and is not an exception (such as “the U.K.”)
The Acropolis
The Parthenon
Do we use -the- because they are the names of museums?
Big Ben no article, but it can refer to landmarks too, same as The Acropolis.
Hello. As per the rule above, it does seem like ‘the’ is used for buildings, which would include the Acropolis and Parthenon. I’m not sure about Big Ben though; the building has a name of a man, which seems like personification, and that is my guess why ‘the’ is not used (because they are treating the building like a person).
Great!!
You are replying to the messages from the past 5 years.
Hello, do we use a definite article before the name of a neighborhood? Ex: I live in Constructor Neighborhood. Thanks
Hello. In my experience, generally the names of neighbourhoods don’t have the word ‘Neighbourhood’ attached. For example: East Vancouver, New Brighton, Riverside, Highland, Avondale. For neighbourhoods like that, you would not include ‘the’. However, if you add the word ‘neighbourhood’ after the name of the neighbourhood, then you must include ‘the’, e.g. ‘the East Vancouver neighbourhood, the Riverside neighbourhood’, etc. Generally, we do not add the word ‘neighbourhood’, however, since it’s not necessary.
The rules of articles are not perfect but their usage varies looking to the context and situation